|
Model parameters |
|
|
Model† |
AIC‡ |
R²§ |
Variable |
β(i) |
Standard error |
Wald |
P |
|
(A) Distance variables only |
m1d |
595.7 |
0.1729 |
Distance from urban road network |
–0.0030 |
0.0006 |
28.29 |
<0.00001 |
|
|
|
Distance from urban perimeter |
–0.0005 |
0.0001 |
16.99 |
0.00004 |
|
|
|
Soil type |
–0.1790 |
0.0514 |
12.13 |
0.00050 |
|
|
|
β0 |
1.6829 |
0.2464 |
46.63 |
<0.00001 |
|
(B) Neighborhood variables
only, with fixed scale |
m2e5 |
571.9 |
0.2300 |
Density of urban road network at 150 m |
7.9491 |
1.5460 |
26.44 |
<0.00001 |
|
|
|
Density of urban area at 150 m |
11.6128 |
3.0429 |
14.56 |
0.00014 |
|
|
|
Soil type |
–0.1776 |
0.0537 |
10.93 |
0.00095 |
|
|
|
β0 |
–0.0091 |
0.2020 |
0.00 |
0.96412 |
m3e10 |
570.6 |
0.2329 |
Density of urban road network at 300 m |
13.5780 |
2.4692 |
30.24 |
<0.00001 |
|
|
|
Density of urban area at 300 m |
5.9422 |
1.4281 |
17.31 |
0.00003 |
|
|
|
Soil type |
–0.1856 |
0.0539 |
11.86 |
0.00057 |
|
|
|
β0 |
–0.3294 |
0.2202 |
2.24 |
0.13479 |
m4e20 |
614.8 |
0.1250 |
Density of urban road network at 600 m |
10.5500 |
4.3290 |
5.94 |
0.01481 |
|
|
|
Density of urban area at 600 m |
2.3884 |
0.9157 |
6.80 |
0.00910 |
|
|
|
Soil type |
–0.1994 |
0.0512 |
15.13 |
0.00010 |
|
|
|
β0 |
–0.1183 |
0.2511 |
0.22 |
0.63773 |
m5e30 |
615.6 |
0.1230 |
Density of urban road network at 900 m |
16.8090 |
5.2836 |
10.12 |
0.00147 |
|
|
|
Density of upper middle-class neighborhoods
at 900 m |
11.5866 |
5.6784 |
4.16 |
0.04130 |
|
|
|
Soil type |
–0.2080 |
0.0510 |
16.62 |
0.00005 |
|
|
|
β0 |
–0.2930 |
0.3075 |
0.91 |
0.34070 |
m6e40 |
599.4 |
0.1638 |
Density of urban road network at 1200 m |
19.1889 |
6.6552 |
8.31 |
0.00394 |
|
|
|
Density of upper middle-class neighborhoods
at 1200 m |
16.1304 |
6.8802 |
5.50 |
0.01905 |
|
|
|
Soil type |
–0.2014 |
0.0520 |
15.00 |
0.00011 |
|
|
|
β0 |
–0.4766 |
0.3546 |
1.81 |
0.17897 |
|
(C) Distance variables and
neighborhood variables, with fixed scale |
m7de05 |
562.9 |
0.2691 |
Density of urban road network at 150 m |
8.6128 |
1.6024 |
28.89 |
<0.00001 |
|
|
|
Density of urban area at 150 m |
10.1741 |
2.9501 |
11.89 |
0.00056 |
|
|
|
Distance from access roads |
–0.0004 |
0.0001 |
13.01 |
0.00031 |
|
|
|
Distance from urban roads |
–0.0002 |
0.0001 |
4.66 |
0.03083 |
|
|
|
Soil type |
–0.1825 |
0.0544 |
11.26 |
0.00079 |
|
|
|
β0 |
0.6118 |
0.2731 |
5.02 |
0.02504 |
m8de10 |
565.9 |
0.2577 |
Density of urban road network at 300 m |
14.5090 |
2.5187 |
33.18 |
<0.00001 |
|
|
|
Density of urban area at 300 m |
5.4364 |
1.4090 |
14.89 |
0.00011 |
|
|
|
Distance from access roads |
–0.0003 |
0.0001 |
9.96 |
0.00160 |
|
|
|
Soil type |
–0.1772 |
0.0538 |
10.86 |
0.00098 |
|
|
|
β0 |
–0.0815 |
0.2339 |
0.12 |
0.72755 |
m9de20 |
593.2 |
0.1838 |
Density of urban area at 600 m |
1.9142 |
0.9414 |
4.13 |
0.04202 |
|
|
|
Distance from urban road network |
–0.0028 |
0.0006 |
24.18 |
0.00000 |
|
|
|
Distance from urban perimeter |
–0.0003 |
0.0001 |
5.48 |
0.01922 |
|
|
|
Soil type |
–0.1745 |
0.0515 |
11.47 |
0.00071 |
|
|
|
β0 |
1.3189 |
0.2983 |
19.55 |
0.00001 |
m10de30 |
589.3 |
0.1934 |
Density of upper middle-class neighborhoods
at 900 m |
13.9404 |
5.4899 |
6.45 |
0.01111 |
|
|
|
Distance from urban road network |
–0.0029 |
0.0006 |
26.52 |
<0.00001 |
|
|
|
Distance from urban perimeter |
–0.0004 |
0.0001 |
11.27 |
0.00079 |
|
|
|
Soil type |
–0.1798 |
0.0519 |
12.03 |
0.00052 |
|
|
|
β0 |
1.5086 |
0.2529 |
35.58 |
<0.00001 |
m11de40 |
581.5 |
0.2216 |
Density of upper middle-class neighborhoods
at 1200 m |
25.4850 |
5.9750 |
18.19 |
0.00002 |
|
|
|
Distance from urban road network |
–0.0027 |
0.0006 |
22.96 |
<0.00001 |
|
|
|
Distance from access roads |
–0.0003 |
0.0001 |
6.53 |
0.01058 |
|
|
|
Soil type |
–0.1860 |
0.0525 |
12.54 |
0.00040 |
|
|
|
β0 |
1.2578 |
0.2446 |
26.44 |
<0.00001 |
|
(D) Mixed scales |
m12de10/40 |
545.5 |
0.3031 |
Density of urban road network at 300 m |
14.8692 |
2.5883 |
33.00 |
<0.00001 |
|
|
|
Density of urban area at 300 m |
4.9017 |
1.5274 |
10.30 |
0.00133 |
|
|
|
Density of upper middle-class neighborhoods
at 1200 m |
30.8957 |
8.2085 |
14.17 |
0.00017 |
|
|
|
Density of industrial area at 1200 m |
–8.0127 |
4.0362 |
3.94 |
0.04712 |
|
|
|
Distance from access roads |
–0.0003 |
0.0001 |
9.71 |
0.00183 |
|
|
|
Soil type |
–0.1917 |
0.0559 |
11.74 |
0.00061 |
|
|
|
β0 |
0.0134 |
0.2767 |
0.00 |
0.96132 |