| Categories and classes |
Definitions |
References |
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| (I) DESCRIPTIVE CONCEPT |
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(Ia) ECOLOGICAL
SCIENCE
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| 1) Original-ecological |
Measure of the persistence of
systems and of their ability to absorb change and disturbance
and still maintain the same relationships between populations
or state variables |
Holling 1973:14 |
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| 2) Extended-ecological |
The magnitude of disturbance that
can be absorbed before the system changes its structure by
changing the variables and processes that control behavior
and
The capacity of a system to experience shocks while retaining
essentially the same function, structure, feedbacks, and therefore
identity |
Gunderson and Holling 2002:4
Walker et al. 2006:2 |
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| 2a) Three characteristics
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capacities i) to absorb disturbances,
ii) for self-organization, and iii) for learning and adaptation
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Walker et al. 2002 |
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| 2b) Four aspects |
1) latitude (width of the domain),
2) resistance (height of the domain),
3) precariousness,
4) cross-scale relations |
Folke et al. 2004:573 |
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| 3) Systemic-heuristic |
Quantitative property that changes
throughout ecosystem dynamics and occurs on each level of
an ecosystem’s hierarchy |
Holling 2001 |
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| 4) Operational |
Resilience of what to
what?
and
The ability of the system to maintain its identity in the
face of internal change and external shocks and disturbances |
Carpenter et al. 2001
Cumming et al. 2005 |
| (Ib) SOCIAL
SCIENCES |
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| 5) Sociological |
The ability of groups or communities
to cope with external stresses and disturbances as a result
of social, political, and environmental change |
Adger 2000:347 |
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| 6) Ecological-economic |
Transition probability between
states as a function of the consumption and production activities
of decision makers
and
The ability of the system to withstand either market or environmental
shocks without loosing the capacity to allocate resources
efficiently |
Brock et al. 2002:273
Perrings 2006:418 |
| (II) HYBRID
CONCEPT |
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| 7) Ecosystem-services-related
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The underlying capacity of an
ecosystem to maintain desired ecosystem services in the face
of a fluctuating environment and human use |
Folke et al. 2002:14 |
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| 8) Social-ecological system |
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| 8a) Social-ecological |
The capacity of a social-ecological
systems to absorb recurrent disturbances (...) so as to retain
essential structures, processes and feedbacks |
Adger et al. 2005:1036 |
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| 8b) Resilience-approach
|
A perspective or approach to analyze
social-ecological systems |
Folke 2006 |
| (III) NORMATIVE
CONCEPT |
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| 9) Metaphoric |
Flexibility over the long term |
Pickett et al. 2004:381 |
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| 10) Sustainability-related
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Maintenance of natural capital
in the long run |
Ott and Döring 2004:213f |