Table 1. Comparison of Haida and scientific principles for ecosystem-based management Haida Principle Parallel Scientific Principle Possible Applications Respect Precautionary approach Account for well-being of all species. Prevent wasteful fisheries practices (e.g., bycatch). Balance Sustainable use over the long term Ensure sustainable fisheries. Consider ecological and socioeconomic information. Interconnectedness (everything depends on everything else) Integrated management Link to land-use planning decisions. Consider compatibility of marine activities and cumulative impacts of developments. Giving and receiving (reciprocity) Equitable sharing Appreciate the inherent value of all living things in planning. Develop fair and equitable approaches to sharing limited resources. Seeking wise counsel Adaptive management Best information Use traditional knowledge. Improve understanding through research, education, and monitoring. Responsibility Inclusive and participatory Respect for Haida title and rights. Ensure sufficient enforcement capacity.