Site Focus of environmental service Conditionality applied (see Fig. 1) Type of scheme and current status Indonesia Bungo "Jungle rubber" agroforestry system for conservation of the diversity of local plant species and wildlife habitat Level IV Management plan for rubber agroforestry in general, including specified agricultural techniques No slash-and-burn practices Minimizing illegal logging at the buffer zone of the adjacent national park and traditional community forests "lubuk larangan" No intensive or commercial harvesting of nontimber forest products or hunting "Hutan desa" ("village forest") recognition by central government for local forest management role within watershed protection forest Testing mini-hydropower as intermediate reward for biodiversity conservation A private buyer (automotive wheel industry) showing interest in rubber for "green" vehicles Cidanau Water quality and regular flow for private water companies Level II Planting and maintaining timber and fruit trees with the total minimum of 500 trees ha−1 for 5 years A private water company is paying US$120/ha for the contract Singkarak (Watershed) Water quality for hydropower, native fish conservation, and ecotourism Level IV Planting a 40-ha grassland with timber and fruit trees Conservation fund from local government to revitalize organic coffee in the upstream watershed Singkarak (Voluntary Carbon Market) Carbon sequestration for voluntary markets under land rehabilitation setting Level I Planting and maintaining a specified number of trees to achieve an agreed amount of carbon sequestration Carbon market negotiated with private buyer (consumer goods distributor) Sumberjaya (Community Forestry) Watershed rehabilitation for the District Forestry Service Level II Planting and maintaining a specified number of trees with a particular composition of species Conditional tenure rewarded to farmer groups Sumberjaya (River Care) Water quality for hydropower Level I Conducting collective action in riparian rehabilitation and sedimentation reduction to achieve a specified percentage (> 30%) of erosion reduction Hydroelectric power company (HEP) royalty agreements signed for River Care groups along the river The Philippines Bakun Water quality for hydropower Level III Setting up management plan to rehabilitate watershed, including sustainable horticulpractices HEP royalty agreements signed Kalahan Carbon sequestration under voluntary market Level I Planting and maintaining a specified number of trees to achieve agreed amount of carbon sequestration Carbon market initial agreement with private buyer (automotive industry) Nepal Kulekhani Water quality for hydropower Level III Setting up management plan to rehabilitate watershed, including sustainable horticulture practices HEP royalty agreements signed