Table 2. Metrics that represent average (and standard error) responses across the six study areas for simulated households corresponding to the 184 for which survey data were available. Values given are: the base simulation (Base), when access to the Chyulu Hills was lost without compensation (No access), and when access was lost but households in ranches neighboring the Chyulu Hills were compensated (Leased).
| |
| |
|
|
|
Osilalei |
Eselenkei |
Linkisim |
Emeshenani |
N. Imbirikani |
S. Imbirikani |
| |
|
Net income |
Base |
1160 |
1749 |
1856 |
390 |
3196 |
1286 |
|
(KSh/month) |
No access |
+2.6 (61.1) |
+3.4 (12.4) |
-67.7 (18.7)** |
+9.1 (19.6)* |
-61.6 (37.1)** |
-24.6 (42.5) |
|
|
Leased |
-0.4 (61.4) |
9.6 (12.6)* |
-72.4 (18.9)** |
9.7 (20.1) |
2166.2 (36.1)** |
1880 (48.7)** |
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cattle |
Base |
755 |
1297 |
2516 |
6777 |
1635 |
934 |
|
(total number) |
No access |
3 (19) |
-110 (29)** |
-410 (76)** |
-309 (184) |
-420 (46)** |
-97 (23)** |
|
|
Leased |
-30 (20) |
-102 (30)** |
-163 (96) |
65 (149) |
818 (89)** |
1339 (64)** |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Goats |
Base |
534 |
835 |
501 |
1110 |
3617 |
1467 |
|
(total number) |
No access |
7 (24) |
-101 (36)* |
7 (12) |
-357 (86)** |
-1002 (182)** |
-381 (114) |
|
|
Leased |
5 (26) |
-27 (49) |
17 (12) |
-224 (90) |
341 (179) |
1570 (170)** |
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|
|
|
|
|
|
Sheep |
Base |
499 |
988 |
454 |
1186 |
3815 |
1462 |
|
(total number) |
No access |
12 (10) |
93 (33)* |
1 (7) |
-59 (36) |
-181 (95) |
-112 (40)* |
|
|
Leased |
14 (10) |
97 (34)* |
6 (6) |
-23 (33) |
939 (126)** |
1541 (73)** |
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cattle sold |
Base |
3.13 |
2.63 |
4.13 |
5.43 |
2.90 |
6.43 |
|
(total/month) |
No access |
0.02 (0.26) |
-0.04 (0.20) |
0.14 (0.26)** |
-0.40 (0.33)** |
0.28 (0.22)** |
0 (0.34) |
|
|
Leased |
0.04 (0.26) |
-0.04 (0.20) |
0.12 (0.26)* |
-0.48 (0.32)** |
-1.67 (0.09)** |
-4.11 (0.20)** |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cattle bought |
Base |
3.23 |
7.21 |
5.60 |
1.01 |
11.88 |
6.78 |
|
(total/month) |
No access |
0.04 (0.14) |
0.03 (0.25) |
-0.14 (0.21)** |
0.00 (0.01) |
-0.20 (0.31)** |
-0.23 (0.26)** |
|
|
Leased |
0.04 (0.14) |
0.02 (0.24) |
-0.18 (0.21)** |
0.00 (0.01) |
7.85 (0.32)** |
8.75 (0.38)** |
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
Cattle gifted |
Base |
8.17 |
18.91 |
20.60 |
10.58 |
9.89 |
9.83 |
|
(total/month) |
No access |
-0.02 (1.78) |
0.76 (2.40)** |
-1.55 (3.27) |
3.13 (3.71)** |
-0.59 (1.47) |
-0.76 (1.36)** |
|
|
Leased |
-0.20 (1.76) |
0.52 (2.30) |
-4.92 (2.73)** |
-0.02 (2.22) |
-3.83 (1.62)** |
-0.12 (1.86) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Milk energy consumed |
Base |
15763 |
24212 |
27850 |
30009 |
26233 |
17142 |
|
(kCal/month) |
No access |
90 (329) |
135 (330) |
-752 (296)* |
2224 (389)** |
-3205 (534)** |
-888 (340)* |
|
|
Leased |
-189 (380) |
721 (290)* |
-310 (342) |
2184 (416)** |
2458 (506)** |
5851 (332)** |
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
Meat energy consumed |
Base |
3144 |
5657 |
6232 |
7386 |
11082 |
5042 |
|
(kCal/month) |
No access |
57 (142) |
-38 (173) |
-458 (167)** |
756 (224)** |
-993 (230)** |
-348 (169)* |
|
|
Leased |
-24 (145) |
100 (176) |
-256 (169)** |
913 (221)** |
1211 (142)** |
3078 (142)** |
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Plant energy consumed† |
Base |
0 |
0 |
388 |
336 |
5937 |
8478 |
|
(kCal/month) |
No access |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
-1.8 (8.0) |
-2.0 (6.3) |
-40.8 (200.5) |
-79.1 (261.5) |
|
|
Leased |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
-1.8 (8.0) |
-2.0 (6.3) |
-48.0 (183.7) |
-88.2 (239.2)* |
|
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
Bought energy
consumed |
Base |
47981 |
59939 |
63963 |
65910 |
64832 |
56446 |
|
(kCal/month) |
No access |
565 (742)* |
509 (677)* |
531 (759) |
-531 (800) |
3199 (708)** |
1461 (996)** |
|
|
Leased |
663 (728)** |
120 (657) |
212 (746) |
-829 (777)** |
-2238 (639)** |
585 (793) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gifted energy consumed |
Base |
12728 |
11273 |
9468 |
11814 |
2679 |
12082 |
|
(kCal/month) |
No access |
-858 (567)** |
-618 (640) |
680 (679)* |
-2435 (652)** |
1029 (208)** |
-148 (744) |
|
|
Leased |
-599 (563) |
-963 (610)* |
355 (669) |
-2258 (648)** |
-1347 (12)** |
-9093 (364)** |
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Milk energy sold† |
Base |
123 |
133 |
1500 |
199 |
617 |
960 |
|
(kCal/month) |
No access |
-14 (11) |
-5 (6)* |
-768 (101)** |
50 (15)** |
-132 (44)** |
-38 (42) |
|
|
Leased |
-27 (12) |
-5 (6)** |
-873 (107)** |
31 (15)* |
200 (63)** |
1561 (115)** |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Plant energy sold† |
Base |
337.6 |
1.0 |
233.2 |
202.4 |
3517.3 |
5089.4 |
|
(kCal/month) |
No access |
61 .2 (123.5)* |
0.1 (0.4) |
-1.0 (5.2) |
-1.2 (4.8) |
-25.7 (97.3) |
-52.0 (137.6) |
|
|
Leased |
61.2 (123.5)* |
0.1 (0.4) |
-1..0 (5.2) |
-1.2 (4.8) |
-25.7 (97.3) |
-52.0 (137.6) |
|
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|
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|
|
Animal energy sold |
Base |
1379 |
1421 |
2164 |
3394 |
1326 |
2762 |
|
(kCal/month) |
No access |
-74 (120)** |
28 (107)** |
-6 (125) |
108 (204)** |
-3 (92) |
16 (149) |
|
|
Leased |
-71 (120)** |
39 (110)** |
10 (126) |
122 (205)** |
-912 (41)** |
-1593 (92)** |
|
| |
* P ≤ 0.05 when compared to no change from the
baseline model (one sample t-test with Bonferroni adjustment). **
P ≤ 0.005 when compared to no change from the baseline model (one
sample t-test with Bonferroni adjustment).
† Plant energy is consumed, and milk and plant
energy sold, in three or fewer months per year, yielding low mean
values.
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