|
Soil-management strategy |
Management options |
Effect on GHG emissions† |
Effect on
energy security |
Effect on
water resources |
| |
|
Crop management |
Permanent grassland
Temporary grassland
Leguminous crops
High
carbon crops
High-yielding varieties
Replace bare fallow
Winter cover
crops
|
0.4-1.0 t CO2-eq/ha-1/yr-1 |
+
+
+
+
+
-
- |
+
+
+/-
+
+
+
+
|
|
Nutrient management |
Fertilizer efficiency
Reduce fertilizer inputs
|
0.3-0.6 t CO2-eq/ha-1/yr-1 |
+
+ |
+
+
|
|
Tillage and residue management |
Conservation tillage
Residue incorporation |
0.2-0.7 t CO2-eq/ha-1/yr-1 |
+
(-) |
+
+
|
|
Water management |
Deficit irrigation schemes
Crop diversification
Improve
irrigation |
1.1 t CO2-eq/ha-1/yr-1 |
+
+
+ |
+
+
+
|
|
Soil restoration |
Re-establish water table
Revegetation
Manure application |
38.0-70.2 t CO2-eq/ha-1/yr-1 |
-
-
- |
-
+
-
|
|
Bioenergy |
First generation biofuels
Second generation biofuels
Electricity from
biomass |
0.2-0.4 t CO2-eq/ha-1/yr-1 |
+
+
+ |
+/-
+/-
+/-
|