Table 1

TABLE 1. Ranges (minimum and maximum) in estimates of annual burn area in the conterminous United States, by individual Kuchler physiognomic type, for the pre-industrial era and as expected for the contemporary era if historic fire return intervals (FRI) were restored to contemporary non-urban and non-agricultural lands.

Kuchler physiognomic type
Pre-indust. area (ha)

Wildlands (%)
FRI (yr)
Ref. no. ^a
FRI, NFDRS models^b
Pre-industrial area burned (ha/yr)
Contemporary area burned (ha/yr)

Spruce - Cedar - Hemlock Forest
1,668,805
96.3
200 - 400
1
G - G
4174 - 8344
4018 - 8036
Cedar - Hemlock -Douglas-Fir Forest
7,400,759
93.6
230
1
G - G
32,177
30,124
Silver Fir - Douglas-Fir Forest
2,682,109
98.6
100 - 200
1
H - G
13,411- 26,821
13,219 - 26,438
Fir - Hemlock Forest
1,890,140
96.3
109 - 275
1
H - G
6873 - 17,341
6622 - 16,706
Mixed-Conifer Forest
5,618,124
97.5
7 - 76
1
U - G
73,923 - 802,589
72,082 - 782,605
Redwood Forest
905,145
98.8
33 - 500
1
H - G
1810 - 27,429
1788 - 27,086
Red Fir Forest
729,682
94.3
40
1
U - U
18,242
17,210
Lodgepole Pine - Subalpine Forest
895,363
82.0
80 - 250
1
H - G
3581 - 11,192
2938 - 9,182
Pine - Cypress Forest
51,314
91.2
200 - 400
1
G - G
128 - 257
117 - 234
Ponderosa Shrub Forest
3,031,738
92.3
11 - 16
1
U - H
189,484 - 275,613
174,855 - 254,335
Western Ponderosa Forest
5,859,704
82.8
4 - 7
1
C - U
837,101 - 1,464,926
692,952 - 1,212,666
Douglas-Fir Forest
13,444,042
88.4
7 - 24
1
U - H
560,168 - 1,920,577
494,909 - 1,696,830
Cedar - Hemlock - Pine Forest
1,919,362
99.2
22 -76
1
H - H
25,255 - 87,244
25,040 - 86,502
Grand Fir - Douglas-Fir Forest
4,297,577
85.4
17 - 100
1
H - G
42,976 - 252,799
36,688 - 215,814
Western Spruce - Fir Forest
10,933,809
92.2
250
1
G - G
43,735
40,306
Eastern Ponderosa Forest
2,657,334
87.0
12 - 25
5
C - U
106,293 - 221,444
92,496 - 192,701
Black Hills Pine Forest
1,179,902
81.8
12 - 25
5
C - U
47,196 - 98,325
38,616 - 80,450
Pine - Douglas-Fir Forest
7,446,478
88.9
7 - 19
5
U - H
391,920 - 1,063,783
348,534 - 946,022
Arizona Pine Forest
1,770,016
92.9
5 - 12
5
C - U
147,501 - 354,003
137,073 - 328,975
Spruce - Fir - Douglas-Fir Forest
763,608
88.9
22
4
H - H
34,709
30,839
Southwestern Spruce - Fir Forest
2,394,638
91.3
70 - 250
5
H - G
9579 - 34,209
8747 - 31,240
Great Basin Pine Forest
557,888
82.0
300 - 500
5
G - G
1116 - 1860
915 - 1525
Juniper - Pinyon Woodland
27,569,555
94.9
10 - 30
4
C - T
918,985 - 2,756,956
871,933 - 2,615,799
Juniper Steppe Woodland
2,262,903
89.3
32 - 70
5
L - C
32,327 - 70,716
28,868 - 63,149
Alder - Ash Forest
77,138
56.3
200
1
E - E
386
217
Oregon Oakwoods
256,795
86.1
11 - 34
1
C - E
7553 - 23,345
6503 - 20,100
Mesquite Bosques
73,782
76.9
30 - 60
4
F - B
1230 - 2459
945 - 1,891
Type 2 and 26
1,106,341
75.0
11 - 34

E - H
32,539 - 100,576
24,395 - 75,402
California Mixed-Evergreen Forest
1,415,490
95.2
11 - 34
1
H - E
41,632 - 128,681
39,642 - 122,530
California Oakwoods
4,474,435
89.7
50 - 100
5
F - B
44,744 - 89,489
40,122 - 80,245
Oak - Juniper Woodland
2,207,589
99.1
30 - 50
4
T - F
44,152 - 73,586
43,763 - 72,939
Transition from 31 to 37
1,702,146
94.8
50

F - F
34,043
32,266
Chaparral
3,573,594
95.2
20 - 40
5
F - B
89,340 - 178,680
85,078 - 170,157
Montane Chaparral
312,062
97.2
20 - 40
5
F - B
7802 - 15,603
7583 - 15,166
Coastal Sagebrush
1,044,541
82.5
20 - 25
5
F - F
41,782 - 52,227
34,487 - 43,108
Mosaic of 30 and 35
255,972
93.3
25 - 100

F - B
2560 - 10,239
2389 - 9557
Mountain Mahogany - Oak Scrub
2,378,172
83.5
50 - 100
5
F - B
23,782 - 47,563
19,860 - 39,720
Great Basin Sagebrush
16,846,033
95.2
50
5
T - T
336,921
320,647
Blackbrush
1,232,131
99.3
100 - 300
5
T - F
4107 - 12,321
4080 - 12,240
Saltbush - Greasewood
10,807,641
92.6
100 - 150
5
T - T
72,051 - 108,076
66,748 - 100,122
Creosote Bush
9,979,563
99.4
100 - 500
4
A - T
19,959 - 99,796
19,837 - 99,187
Creosote Bush - Bur Sage
8,332,658
91.2
100 - 500
4
A - T
16,665 - 83,327
15,199 - 75,994
Palo Verde - Cactus Shrub
2,943,203
98.6
100 - 500
4
L - T
5886 - 29,432
5805 - 29,026
Creosote Bush - Tarbush
2,162,964
96.9
100 - 500
4
L - T
4326 - 21,630
4190 - 20,950
Ceniza Shrub
827,056
95.9
100 - 300
5
T - F
2757 - 8271
2644 - 7933
Desert
1,985,179
97.0
500 - 1000

A - A
1985 - 3970
1925 - 3849
Fescue - Oatgrass
356,432
75.0
15 - 30
5
L - L
11,881 - 23,762
8910 - 17,819
California Steppe
5,194,264
57.9
15 - 30
5
L - L
173,142 - 346,284
100,163 - 200,325
Tule Marshes
984,268
46.9
30 - 60

N - N
16,404 - 32,809
7689 - 15,378
Fescue - Wheatgrass
2,095,974
42.0
15 - 30
5
L - L
69,866 - 139,732
29,358 - 58,715
Wheatgrass - Bluegrass
3,682,826
57.1
15 - 30
5
L - L
122,761 - 245,522
70,096 - 140,193
Alpine Meadows and Barren
3,461,591
93.2
300
3
S - S
11,539
10,752
Grama - Gelleta Steppe
7,533,860
99.1
15 - 30
5
L - C
251,129 - 502,257
248,793 - 497,586
Grama - Tobosa Prairie
1,516,541
99.8
5 - 10
4
L - C
151,654 - 303,308
151,381 - 302,762
Sagebrush Steppe
41,427,259
83.1
10 - 40
8
C - T
1,035,681- 4,142,726
860,962 - 3,443,848
Wheatgrass - Needlegrass Shrubsteppe
2,723,030
89.9
20 - 30
5
L - T
90,768 - 136,151
81,573 - 122,359
Galleta - Three- Awn Shrubsteppe
468,285
100.0
50
5
T - T
9366
9366
Grama - Tobosa
8,686,196
98.8
15 - 50
5
L - C
173,724 - 579,080
171,657 - 572,189
Trans-Pecos Shrub Savanna
8,768,976
99.7
100 - 150
5
L - C
58,460 - 87,690
58,308 - 87,462
Mesquite Savanna
2,301,526
75.7
15 - 50
5
L - C
46,031 - 153,435
34,841 - 116,135
Mesquite - Acacia Savanna
6,751,323
85.1
50 - 100
5
L - C
67,513 - 135,026
57,427 - 114,854
Mesquite - Live Oak Savanna
675,575
88.6
5 - 10
5
C - T
67,558 - 135,115
59,829 - 119,658
Foothills Prairie
4,628,087
76.0
20 - 30
5
L - L
154,270 - 231,404
117,307 - 175,960
Grama - Needlegrass - Wheatgrass
20,509,739
92.6
20 - 30
5
L - L
683,658 - 1,025,487
633,136 - 949,703
Grama - Buffalo Grass
30,898,253
74.3
20 - 30
5
L - L
1,029,942 - 1,544,913
764,732 - 1,147,098
Wheatgrass - Needlegrass
25,453,845
67.3
6
10
C - C
4,242,308
2,854,649
Wheatgrass - Bluestem - Needlegrass
13,409,855
17.6
2 - 5
10
L - C
2,681,971 - 6,704,927
471,222 - 1,178,056
Wheatgrass - Grama - Buffalo Grass
263,760
89.8
6
10
C - C
43,960
39,472 - 39,472
Bluestem - Grama Prairie
15,064,449
23.8
2 - 5
10
C - N
3,012,890 - 7,532,225
715,863 - 1,789,657
Sandsage - Bluestem Prairie
4,071,851
41.4
6
10
C - C
678,642
281,229
Shinnery
2,484,894
82.9
20 - 40
4
T - F
62,122 - 124,245
51,506 - 103,011
Sea Oats Prairie
157,191
98.3
10 - 50
9
C - N
3144 - 15,719
3090 - 15,449
Northern Cordgrass Prairie
376,895
76.0
20 - 30
5
N - N
12,563 - 18,845
9552 - 14,328
Bluestem Prairie
27,131,981
9.7
2 - 6
10
C - N
4,521,997 - 13,565,991
439,086 - 1,317,258
Nebraska Sandhills Prairie
5,840,066
26.7
5 - 10
5
C - N
584,007 - 1,168,013
155,813 - 311,626
Blackland Prairie
4,841,969
35.6
5 - 10
5
C - N
484,197 - 968,394
172,374 - 344,748
Bluestem - Sacahuista Prairie
4,144,624
33.3
5 - 10
5
C - N
414,462 - 828,925
137,933 - 275,866
Southern Cordgrass
2,228,956
74.0
20 - 30
5
N - N
74,299 - 111,448
54,988 - 82,483
Palmetto Prairie
1,127,602
16.2
2 - 3
5
D - D
375,867 - 563,801
60,891 - 91,336
Marl Everglades
174,241
75.9
5 - 10
5
N - N
17,424 - 34,848
13,232 - 26,464
Oak Savanna
6,566,090
20.5
5 - 10
5
C - N
656,609 - 1,313,218
134,671 -269,341
Mosaic of 74 and 100
23,542,301
14.2
10 - 100

C - E
235,423 - 2,354,230
33,524 - 335,242
Cedar Glades
1,099,369
83.1
30 - 60
4
C - C
18,323 - 36,646
15,234 - 30,467
Cross Timbers
7,864,020
18.2
15 - 30
5
L - C
262,134 - 524,268
47,787 - 95,574
Mesquite - Buffalo Grass
7,036,060
65.7
5 - 10
4
C - T
703,606 - 1,407,212
462,269 - 924,538
Juniper - Oak Savanna
6,359,896
66.7
5 - 10
4
C - T
635,990 - 1,271,979
423,951 - 847,901
Mesquite - Oak Savanna
862,072
90.6
20 - 30
5
L - L
28,736 - 43,104
26,040 - 39,060
Fayette Prairie
769,220
58.3
5 - 10
4
C - T
76,922 - 153,844
44,876 - 89,753
BlackBelt
1,706,948
70.6
50 - 100
8
E - E
17,069 - 34,139
12,044 - 24,088
Live Oak - Sea Oats
993,084
82.3
20 - 200
9
C - E
4965 - 49,654
4088 - 40,875
Cypress Savanna
270,033
58.6
20 - 20
6
N - N
13,502
7916
Everglades
967,152
63.5
5 - 10
5,9
N - N
96,715 - 193,430
61,33,781 - 122,848
Great Lakes Spruce - Fir Forest
3,991,211
67.7
50 - 80
3
H - H
49,890 - 79,824
33,781 - 54,049
Conifer Bog
3,077,778
60.2
150
3
Q - Q
20,519
12,344
Great Lakes Pine Forest
7,604,306
47.8
50
3
H - H
152,086
72,758
Northeastern Spruce - Fir Forest
2,472,190
79.8
1000
3
G - G
2472
1972
Southeastern Spruce - Fir Forest
38,173
98.4
1000
3
G - G
38
38
Northern Floodplain Forest
7,777,211
28.5
100 - 300

E - E
25,924 - 77,772
7383 - 22,149
Maple - Basswood Forest
6,344,304
29.9
22
8
E - E
288,377
86,340
Oak - Hickory Forest
51,824,088
50.5
50 - 100
8
E - E
518,241 - 1,036,482
261,763 - 523,527
Elm - Ash Forest
2,312,442
9.0
50 - 300
8
E - E
7708 - 46,249
691 - 4149
Beech - Maple Forest
11,843,391
20.2
350
3
E - E
33,838
6842
Mixed Mesophytic Forest
9,939,676
94.9
350
3
E - E
28,399
26,959
Appalachian Oak Forest
25,099,712
74.6
200 - 400
2
E - E
62,749 - 125,499
46,824 - 93,647
Mangrove
324,012
85.1
500 - 1000
9
R - R
324 - 648
276 - 551
Northern Hardwoods
23,312,340
71.1
200 - 400
2
E - E
58,281- 116,562
41,414 - 82,829
Northern Hardwoods - Fir Forest
3,785,400
80.3
350
3
E - E
10,815
8685
Northern Hardwoods - Spruce Forest
7,431,111
76.4
250
3
E - E
29,724
22,707
Transition between 104 and 106
2,640,418
66.7
200 - 400
3
E - E
6601 - 13,202
4402 - 8803
Northern Oak - Pine Forest
912,009
27.4
10
8
E - E
91,201
25,007
Oak - Hickory - Pine Forest
62,098,106
79.5
10 - 30
5
E -D
2,069,937- 6,209,811
1,645,393 - 4,936,178
Southern Mixed Forest
25,069,647
53.9
2 - 10
5
P - D
6,752,509 - 12,534,823
1,350,502 - 2,506,965
Southern Floodplain Forest
18,761,444
44.6
100 - 300

E - E
62,538 - 187,614
27,911 - 83,732
Pocosin
1,161,484
62.7
20 - 30
7
O - O
38,716 - 58,074
24,263 - 36,395
Sand Pine Scrub
189,466
29.2
30 - 60
4
O - O
3158 - 6316
920 - 1841
Subtropical Pine Forest
168,143
51.4
2 - 3
5
P - P
56,048 - 84,072
28,831 - 43,246

Total
777,574,972

34,688,605 - 86,103,449
17,898,222 - 42,630,675

Percentage of landscape

4.46 - 11.07%
2.30 - 5.48%

Kuchler physiognomic type	Pre-indust. area (ha)	Wildlands (%)	FRI (yr)	Ref. no. ^a	FRI, NFDRS models^b	Pre-industrial area burned (ha/yr)	Contemporary area burned (ha/yr)
Spruce - Cedar - Hemlock Forest	1,668,805	96.3	200 - 400	1	G - G	4174 - 8344	4018 - 8036
Cedar - Hemlock -Douglas-Fir Forest	7,400,759	93.6	230	1	G - G	32,177	30,124
Silver Fir - Douglas-Fir Forest	2,682,109	98.6	100 - 200	1	H - G	13,411- 26,821	13,219 - 26,438
Fir - Hemlock Forest	1,890,140	96.3	109 - 275	1	H - G	6873 - 17,341	6622 - 16,706
Mixed-Conifer Forest	5,618,124	97.5	7 - 76	1	U - G	73,923 - 802,589	72,082 - 782,605
Redwood Forest	905,145	98.8	33 - 500	1	H - G	1810 - 27,429	1788 - 27,086
Red Fir Forest	729,682	94.3	40	1	U - U	18,242	17,210
Lodgepole Pine - Subalpine Forest	895,363	82.0	80 - 250	1	H - G	3581 - 11,192	2938 - 9,182
Pine - Cypress Forest	51,314	91.2	200 - 400	1	G - G	128 - 257	117 - 234
Ponderosa Shrub Forest	3,031,738	92.3	11 - 16	1	U - H	189,484 - 275,613	174,855 - 254,335
Western Ponderosa Forest	5,859,704	82.8	4 - 7	1	C - U	837,101 - 1,464,926	692,952 - 1,212,666
Douglas-Fir Forest	13,444,042	88.4	7 - 24	1	U - H	560,168 - 1,920,577	494,909 - 1,696,830
Cedar - Hemlock - Pine Forest	1,919,362	99.2	22 -76	1	H - H	25,255 - 87,244	25,040 - 86,502
Grand Fir - Douglas-Fir Forest	4,297,577	85.4	17 - 100	1	H - G	42,976 - 252,799	36,688 - 215,814
Western Spruce - Fir Forest	10,933,809	92.2	250	1	G - G	43,735	40,306
Eastern Ponderosa Forest	2,657,334	87.0	12 - 25	5	C - U	106,293 - 221,444	92,496 - 192,701
Black Hills Pine Forest	1,179,902	81.8	12 - 25	5	C - U	47,196 - 98,325	38,616 - 80,450
Pine - Douglas-Fir Forest	7,446,478	88.9	7 - 19	5	U - H	391,920 - 1,063,783	348,534 - 946,022
Arizona Pine Forest	1,770,016	92.9	5 - 12	5	C - U	147,501 - 354,003	137,073 - 328,975
Spruce - Fir - Douglas-Fir Forest	763,608	88.9	22	4	H - H	34,709	30,839
Southwestern Spruce - Fir Forest	2,394,638	91.3	70 - 250	5	H - G	9579 - 34,209	8747 - 31,240
Great Basin Pine Forest	557,888	82.0	300 - 500	5	G - G	1116 - 1860	915 - 1525
Juniper - Pinyon Woodland	27,569,555	94.9	10 - 30	4	C - T	918,985 - 2,756,956	871,933 - 2,615,799
Juniper Steppe Woodland	2,262,903	89.3	32 - 70	5	L - C	32,327 - 70,716	28,868 - 63,149
Alder - Ash Forest	77,138	56.3	200	1	E - E	386	217
Oregon Oakwoods	256,795	86.1	11 - 34	1	C - E	7553 - 23,345	6503 - 20,100
Mesquite Bosques	73,782	76.9	30 - 60	4	F - B	1230 - 2459	945 - 1,891
Type 2 and 26	1,106,341	75.0	11 - 34		E - H	32,539 - 100,576	24,395 - 75,402
California Mixed-Evergreen Forest	1,415,490	95.2	11 - 34	1	H - E	41,632 - 128,681	39,642 - 122,530
California Oakwoods	4,474,435	89.7	50 - 100	5	F - B	44,744 - 89,489	40,122 - 80,245
Oak - Juniper Woodland	2,207,589	99.1	30 - 50	4	T - F	44,152 - 73,586	43,763 - 72,939
Transition from 31 to 37	1,702,146	94.8	50		F - F	34,043	32,266
Chaparral	3,573,594	95.2	20 - 40	5	F - B	89,340 - 178,680	85,078 - 170,157
Montane Chaparral	312,062	97.2	20 - 40	5	F - B	7802 - 15,603	7583 - 15,166
Coastal Sagebrush	1,044,541	82.5	20 - 25	5	F - F	41,782 - 52,227	34,487 - 43,108
Mosaic of 30 and 35	255,972	93.3	25 - 100		F - B	2560 - 10,239	2389 - 9557
Mountain Mahogany - Oak Scrub	2,378,172	83.5	50 - 100	5	F - B	23,782 - 47,563	19,860 - 39,720
Great Basin Sagebrush	16,846,033	95.2	50	5	T - T	336,921	320,647
Blackbrush	1,232,131	99.3	100 - 300	5	T - F	4107 - 12,321	4080 - 12,240
Saltbush - Greasewood	10,807,641	92.6	100 - 150	5	T - T	72,051 - 108,076	66,748 - 100,122
Creosote Bush	9,979,563	99.4	100 - 500	4	A - T	19,959 - 99,796	19,837 - 99,187
Creosote Bush - Bur Sage	8,332,658	91.2	100 - 500	4	A - T	16,665 - 83,327	15,199 - 75,994
Palo Verde - Cactus Shrub	2,943,203	98.6	100 - 500	4	L - T	5886 - 29,432	5805 - 29,026
Creosote Bush - Tarbush	2,162,964	96.9	100 - 500	4	L - T	4326 - 21,630	4190 - 20,950
Ceniza Shrub	827,056	95.9	100 - 300	5	T - F	2757 - 8271	2644 - 7933
Desert	1,985,179	97.0	500 - 1000		A - A	1985 - 3970	1925 - 3849
Fescue - Oatgrass	356,432	75.0	15 - 30	5	L - L	11,881 - 23,762	8910 - 17,819
California Steppe	5,194,264	57.9	15 - 30	5	L - L	173,142 - 346,284	100,163 - 200,325
Tule Marshes	984,268	46.9	30 - 60		N - N	16,404 - 32,809	7689 - 15,378
Fescue - Wheatgrass	2,095,974	42.0	15 - 30	5	L - L	69,866 - 139,732	29,358 - 58,715
Wheatgrass - Bluegrass	3,682,826	57.1	15 - 30	5	L - L	122,761 - 245,522	70,096 - 140,193
Alpine Meadows and Barren	3,461,591	93.2	300	3	S - S	11,539	10,752
Grama - Gelleta Steppe	7,533,860	99.1	15 - 30	5	L - C	251,129 - 502,257	248,793 - 497,586
Grama - Tobosa Prairie	1,516,541	99.8	5 - 10	4	L - C	151,654 - 303,308	151,381 - 302,762
Sagebrush Steppe	41,427,259	83.1	10 - 40	8	C - T	1,035,681- 4,142,726	860,962 - 3,443,848
Wheatgrass - Needlegrass Shrubsteppe	2,723,030	89.9	20 - 30	5	L - T	90,768 - 136,151	81,573 - 122,359
Galleta - Three- Awn Shrubsteppe	468,285	100.0	50	5	T - T	9366	9366
Grama - Tobosa	8,686,196	98.8	15 - 50	5	L - C	173,724 - 579,080	171,657 - 572,189
Trans-Pecos Shrub Savanna	8,768,976	99.7	100 - 150	5	L - C	58,460 - 87,690	58,308 - 87,462
Mesquite Savanna	2,301,526	75.7	15 - 50	5	L - C	46,031 - 153,435	34,841 - 116,135
Mesquite - Acacia Savanna	6,751,323	85.1	50 - 100	5	L - C	67,513 - 135,026	57,427 - 114,854
Mesquite - Live Oak Savanna	675,575	88.6	5 - 10	5	C - T	67,558 - 135,115	59,829 - 119,658
Foothills Prairie	4,628,087	76.0	20 - 30	5	L - L	154,270 - 231,404	117,307 - 175,960
Grama - Needlegrass - Wheatgrass	20,509,739	92.6	20 - 30	5	L - L	683,658 - 1,025,487	633,136 - 949,703
Grama - Buffalo Grass	30,898,253	74.3	20 - 30	5	L - L	1,029,942 - 1,544,913	764,732 - 1,147,098
Wheatgrass - Needlegrass	25,453,845	67.3	6	10	C - C	4,242,308	2,854,649
Wheatgrass - Bluestem - Needlegrass	13,409,855	17.6	2 - 5	10	L - C	2,681,971 - 6,704,927	471,222 - 1,178,056
Wheatgrass - Grama - Buffalo Grass	263,760	89.8	6	10	C - C	43,960	39,472 - 39,472
Bluestem - Grama Prairie	15,064,449	23.8	2 - 5	10	C - N	3,012,890 - 7,532,225	715,863 - 1,789,657
Sandsage - Bluestem Prairie	4,071,851	41.4	6	10	C - C	678,642	281,229
Shinnery	2,484,894	82.9	20 - 40	4	T - F	62,122 - 124,245	51,506 - 103,011
Sea Oats Prairie	157,191	98.3	10 - 50	9	C - N	3144 - 15,719	3090 - 15,449
Northern Cordgrass Prairie	376,895	76.0	20 - 30	5	N - N	12,563 - 18,845	9552 - 14,328
Bluestem Prairie	27,131,981	9.7	2 - 6	10	C - N	4,521,997 - 13,565,991	439,086 - 1,317,258
Nebraska Sandhills Prairie	5,840,066	26.7	5 - 10	5	C - N	584,007 - 1,168,013	155,813 - 311,626
Blackland Prairie	4,841,969	35.6	5 - 10	5	C - N	484,197 - 968,394	172,374 - 344,748
Bluestem - Sacahuista Prairie	4,144,624	33.3	5 - 10	5	C - N	414,462 - 828,925	137,933 - 275,866
Southern Cordgrass	2,228,956	74.0	20 - 30	5	N - N	74,299 - 111,448	54,988 - 82,483
Palmetto Prairie	1,127,602	16.2	2 - 3	5	D - D	375,867 - 563,801	60,891 - 91,336
Marl Everglades	174,241	75.9	5 - 10	5	N - N	17,424 - 34,848	13,232 - 26,464
Oak Savanna	6,566,090	20.5	5 - 10	5	C - N	656,609 - 1,313,218	134,671 -269,341
Mosaic of 74 and 100	23,542,301	14.2	10 - 100		C - E	235,423 - 2,354,230	33,524 - 335,242
Cedar Glades	1,099,369	83.1	30 - 60	4	C - C	18,323 - 36,646	15,234 - 30,467
Cross Timbers	7,864,020	18.2	15 - 30	5	L - C	262,134 - 524,268	47,787 - 95,574
Mesquite - Buffalo Grass	7,036,060	65.7	5 - 10	4	C - T	703,606 - 1,407,212	462,269 - 924,538
Juniper - Oak Savanna	6,359,896	66.7	5 - 10	4	C - T	635,990 - 1,271,979	423,951 - 847,901
Mesquite - Oak Savanna	862,072	90.6	20 - 30	5	L - L	28,736 - 43,104	26,040 - 39,060
Fayette Prairie	769,220	58.3	5 - 10	4	C - T	76,922 - 153,844	44,876 - 89,753
BlackBelt	1,706,948	70.6	50 - 100	8	E - E	17,069 - 34,139	12,044 - 24,088
Live Oak - Sea Oats	993,084	82.3	20 - 200	9	C - E	4965 - 49,654	4088 - 40,875
Cypress Savanna	270,033	58.6	20 - 20	6	N - N	13,502	7916
Everglades	967,152	63.5	5 - 10	5,9	N - N	96,715 - 193,430	61,33,781 - 122,848
Great Lakes Spruce - Fir Forest	3,991,211	67.7	50 - 80	3	H - H	49,890 - 79,824	33,781 - 54,049
Conifer Bog	3,077,778	60.2	150	3	Q - Q	20,519	12,344
Great Lakes Pine Forest	7,604,306	47.8	50	3	H - H	152,086	72,758
Northeastern Spruce - Fir Forest	2,472,190	79.8	1000	3	G - G	2472	1972
Southeastern Spruce - Fir Forest	38,173	98.4	1000	3	G - G	38	38
Northern Floodplain Forest	7,777,211	28.5	100 - 300		E - E	25,924 - 77,772	7383 - 22,149
Maple - Basswood Forest	6,344,304	29.9	22	8	E - E	288,377	86,340
Oak - Hickory Forest	51,824,088	50.5	50 - 100	8	E - E	518,241 - 1,036,482	261,763 - 523,527
Elm - Ash Forest	2,312,442	9.0	50 - 300	8	E - E	7708 - 46,249	691 - 4149
Beech - Maple Forest	11,843,391	20.2	350	3	E - E	33,838	6842
Mixed Mesophytic Forest	9,939,676	94.9	350	3	E - E	28,399	26,959
Appalachian Oak Forest	25,099,712	74.6	200 - 400	2	E - E	62,749 - 125,499	46,824 - 93,647
Mangrove	324,012	85.1	500 - 1000	9	R - R	324 - 648	276 - 551
Northern Hardwoods	23,312,340	71.1	200 - 400	2	E - E	58,281- 116,562	41,414 - 82,829
Northern Hardwoods - Fir Forest	3,785,400	80.3	350	3	E - E	10,815	8685
Northern Hardwoods - Spruce Forest	7,431,111	76.4	250	3	E - E	29,724	22,707
Transition between 104 and 106	2,640,418	66.7	200 - 400	3	E - E	6601 - 13,202	4402 - 8803
Northern Oak - Pine Forest	912,009	27.4	10	8	E - E	91,201	25,007
Oak - Hickory - Pine Forest	62,098,106	79.5	10 - 30	5	E -D	2,069,937- 6,209,811	1,645,393 - 4,936,178
Southern Mixed Forest	25,069,647	53.9	2 - 10	5	P - D	6,752,509 - 12,534,823	1,350,502 - 2,506,965
Southern Floodplain Forest	18,761,444	44.6	100 - 300		E - E	62,538 - 187,614	27,911 - 83,732
Pocosin	1,161,484	62.7	20 - 30	7	O - O	38,716 - 58,074	24,263 - 36,395
Sand Pine Scrub	189,466	29.2	30 - 60	4	O - O	3158 - 6316	920 - 1841
Subtropical Pine Forest	168,143	51.4	2 - 3	5	P - P	56,048 - 84,072	28,831 - 43,246

Total	777,574,972					34,688,605 - 86,103,449	17,898,222 - 42,630,675
Percentage of landscape						4.46 - 11.07%	2.30 - 5.48%

^a References: (1) Agee 1993; (2) Christensen 1978; (3) Heinselman 1978; (4) Wright 1988; (5) Wright and Bailey 1982; (6) Ewel 1994; (7) Ash et al. 1983; (8) Fisher 1995; (9) Wade et al. 1980; and (10) Kucera 1978.

^b Details of the National Fire Danger Rating System (NFDRS) models are provided in Tables 2 and 3.