Fig. 6. Forest edge distances exhibited by Black-capped Chickadees taking shortcuts expressed as a function of (A) the hypothetical maximum distance from forest edges that birds would have reached if they crossed in the open along a path defined by the initial distance in the open, DO_i, and (B) the risk area formed by the divergence of the bird's path from the adjacent forest edges. The slope of the relationship in (A) was significantly less than one (H₀: beta less than or equal to 1, t = -13.3, df = 149, P < 0.0001) and 95% of the actual values were below 24 m (solid line). The 314 data points shown originate from 151 independent detour trials.