Fig. 4. Data from Lake Francis (Abitibi, Quebec, 48o31'35"-78 o28'20"). (a) Distribution of charcoal influx (mm2 . cm-2 . yr-1; thin line) and the low-frequency filter series computed with inverse Fourier transformation. (b) Charcoal index (mm2 . cm-2 . yr-1); the high-frequency curve is obtained by detrending the raw data using the low-frequency filter. (c) Fire chronology is computed by applying a threshold of 1.25 on the high-frequency curve.