Appendix 1. Summary of information on characteristics of the numerical fluctuations of mammalian herbivores in Nearctic boreal forests. The amplitude is given as the ratio between the highest and lowest values in the data set. Abbreviations are: np, not periodic; trc, countings of tracks, signs of feedings or houses/push-ups; trp, trapping in order to estimate population density; har, harvest of animals for nonscientific purpose; cnt, counting of animals.

Species
Region and period
Periodicity (yr)
Amplitude
Type of information
Reference
Moose
Isle Royale, 1960-1983
about 30
2
cnt
Peterson et al. (1984)

White-tailed deer

Ontario, Canonto, 1953-1986

24

11

har

Fryxell et al. (1991)

Least chipmunk

Minnesota, 1954-1975

7

10

trp

Erlien and Tester (1984)

Eastern chipmunk

Minnesota, 1954-1975

9

10

trp

Erlien and Tester (1984)

American red squirrel

Canada, 1926-1984

np

about 10

har

Obbard (1987)

Alberta, 1965-1975
np
6
trp
Keith and Cary (1991)
Yukon, 1987-1994
np
2-5
trp
Boutin et al. (1995)
Minnesota, 1954-1975
11
10
trp
Erlien and Tester (1984)

American flying squirrel

Alberta, 1965-1975

np

about 50

trp

Keith and Cary (1991)

American beaver

Canada, 1919-1984

np

6

har

Novak (1987)

Ontario, 1919-1984
np
about 100
har
Novak (1987)

Meadow jumping mouse

Manitoba, 1969-1982

4?

about 90

trp

Mihok et al. (1985)

Gapper's red-backed vole

N.W.T. , 1961-1975

3-4?

about 100

trp

Fuller (1977)

Manitoba, 1969-1982
np
about 10
trp
Mihok et al. (1985)

Northern red-backed vole

Yukon, 1976-1989

3-4?

47

trp

Gilbert and Krebs (1991)

Yukon, 1976-1994
3-4?
10-50
trp
Boutin et al. (1995)

Meadow vole

Manitoba, 1968-1983

4?

200

trp

Mihok et al. (1985)

Muskrat

Hudson Bay Co., 1821-1913
10
14
har
Elton and Nicholson (1942)
Manitoba, 1920-1948
4-5
4
har
McLeod (1950)
Saskatchewan, 1915-1960
6
15
har
Butler (1962)
Canada, 1751-1847
not 10

har
Bulmer (1974)
Canada, 1848-1909
10

har
Bulmer (1974)
Canada, 1920-1944
10

har
Bulmer (1974)
Canada, 1945-1969
not 10

har
Bulmer (1974)
Canada, 1919-1984

5
har
Boutin and Birhenholz (1987)
Yukon, 1988-1994

9
trc
Boutin et al. (1995)

Deer mouse

Manitoba, 1969-1982

np

3-10

trp

Mihok et al. (1985)

Yukon, 1976-1989
np
12
trp
Gilbert and Krebs (1991)

North American porcupine

Alberta, 1965-1975

np

7

trp

Keith and Cary (1991)

Snowshoe hare

Canada, 1848-1909

10


har

Bulmer (1974)

Alberta, 1961-1977
9-10
about 100
trp
Keith (1983)
Yukon, 1977-1994
about 9
26-44
trp
Boutin et al. (1995)