Appendix 2. Summarized information on characteristics of the numerical fluctuations of mammalian herbivores in boreal forests of the Palaearctic. Amplitude is given as the ratio between the highest and the lowest values in the data set. Abbreviations are: np, not periodic; que, questionable on population size; trc, countings of tracks, signs of feedings or houses/push-ups; trp, trapping in order to estimate population density; har, harvest of animals for nonscientific purpose; cnt, counting of animals; sd, semidomestic. For data marked with an asterisk, the regularity of fluctuation disappeared around 1985.

Species
Region and period
Periodicity (yr)
Amplitude
Type of information

Reference

Moose
European Russia, 1650-1995

100-200?

100

har

L. Baskin (unpubl. data )

Reindeer (sd)

Sweden, 1910-1996

25-35?

2

cnt

Ö. K. Danell (unpubl. data )

Eurasian red squirrel

Sweden, 1978-1988

np

15

trc

Andrén and Lemnell (1992)

Finland, 1964-1983
8

que
Lindén (1988)
Arkangelsk, 1909-1971
5
25
har
Kiris (1973)
Kola, 1909-1971
5
8
har
Kiris (1973)
M. Russia, 1909-1971
5
40
har
Kiris (1973)
M. Urals, 1940-1970
11
7
cnt
Mikheeva (1975)
W. Siberia, 1909-1971
5-9
6
har
Kiris (1973)
E. Sayan, 1932-1972
9
80
cnt
Lubetskaja (1976)
Krasnoyarsk, 1909-1971

10
har
Kiris (1973)
Yakutiya, 1909-1971
5-7
5
har
Kiris (1973)
Yakutiya, 1933-1957
6
2

Egorov (1961)
Kamchatcka, 1960-1986
2-4 and 7-9
14

D'yachkov (1988)
Siberian chipmunk

W. Siberia

np


cnt

Telegin (1980)

Yakutiya, 1933-1957
np
2
cnt
Egorov (1961)

Eurasian beaver

S. Urals, 1949-1979

30?

28

cnt

Dvornikova (1987)

Northern birch mouse

Karelia, 1959-1972

np

10

trp

Ivanter (1975)

European water vole

Karelia, 1932-1972

np

22

har

Ivanter (1975)

W. Siberia, 1898-1961
10

har
Panteleev (1968)
Bank vole
Sweden, 1961-1988
4
55
trp
Marcström et al. (1990)
Sweden, 1971-1988
3-4
216
trp
Hörnfeldt (1994)
Sweden, 1976-1986
3-4
350-1600
trp
Marcström (1989)
Finland, 1957-1968
4-5
22
trp
Skarén (1972)
Finland, 1970-1993
3-4 *
100
trp
Hanski and Henttonen (1996)
Lapl. Res., 1935-1972
5
100
trp
Bashenina (1981)
Karelia, 1944-1972
4
80
trp
Ivanter (1975)
Komi, 1935-1972?
3
100
trp
Bashenina (1981)
Moscow, 1948-1975
3
15
trp
Bashenina (1981)
Ryazan, 1951-1973
4
12
trp
Bashenina (1981)
Novgorod, 1949-1970
5
6
trp
Bashenina (1981)
Tatar, 1936-1959
3-5
10
trp
Bashenina (1981)
Grey red-backed vole

Sweden, 1971-1988

3-4

248

trp

Hörnfeldt (1994)

Finland, 1970-1993
3-4 *
100
trp
Hanski and Henttonen (1996)
Sakhalin, 1957-1981
4?
15
trp
Ryabov (1982)
Northern red-backed vole

Finland, 1970-1993

3-4 *

100

trp

Hanski and Henttonen (1996)

Karelia, 1958-1972
4?
26
trp
Ivanter (1975)
Upper Pechora, 1950-1984
4
30
trp
Bobretsov (1986)
M. Urals, 1973-1985
3
100
trp
Bernstein et al. (1987)
Yakutiya, 1960-1984
4?
230
trp
Tugutov et al. (1985)
Field vole
Sweden, 1961-1988
4

trp
Marcström et al. (1990)
Sweden, 1971-1988
3-4
177
trp
Hörnfeldt (1994)
Finland, 1969-1976
3
15
trp
Myllymäki (1977)
Finland, 1970-1993
3-4
100
trp
Hanski and Henttonen (1996)
Karelia, 1948-1972
5
20
trp
Ivanter (1975)
Root vole
Finland, 1970-1993
3-4
100
trp
Hanski and Henttonen (1996)
Karelia, 1958-1972
np
36
trp
Ivanter (1975)
Omsk, 1948-1982
7-10

har
Galaktionov and Efimov (1988)
Novosibirsk, 1948-1982
5-12

har
Galaktionov and Efimov (1988)
Tyumen, 1948-1982
5-6

har
Galaktionov and Efimov (1988)
Yakutiya, 1960-1984
3
220
trp
Tugutov et al. (1985)
Wood lemming

Karelia, 1957-1971

6

25

trp

Ivanter (1975)

Yakutiya, 1966-1984
11
260
trp
Mordosov (1988)
Yellow-necked mouse

Sweden, 1961-1988

4

15

trp

Marcström et al. (1990)

Harvest mouse

Karelia, 1957-1971

np

25

trp

Ivanter (1975)

Northern pika

Baikal, 1961-1984


20


Shvetsov et al. (1984)

Yakutiya, 1962-1984
np


Krivosheev and Krivosheeva (1991)
Mountain hare

Norway, 1945-1966

3-4

65

har

Moksnes (1972)

Norway, 1963-1976
3-5
8
har
Hjeljord (1980)
Sweden, 1963-1980
3-4
6
har
Hörnfeldt et al. (1986)
Finland, 1836-1976

100
har
Siivonen (1948)
Finland, 1849-1934

12
har
Siivonen (1948)
Finland, 1946-1984
9-11 and 4

que
Ranta et al. (1997)
Russia, 1909-1981
9- 15


Tomilova (1981)
Siberia
10
65

Naumov (1960)
Yakutiya Verchoyansk
12
350

Tavrowskii et al. (1971)