Table 1. List of native mammalian herbivore species inhabiting forest landscapes of the boreal zone (sensu Hämet-Ahti 1981) of the Nearctic and Palaearctic. Taxonomy and nomenclature follow Wilson and Reeder (1993); common names are according to Corbet and Hill (1991). Recent human use (in the last 20 yr) of the different species is indicated: Ab, abomasum (for cheese production); A, antlers; VA, velvet antlers; G, glands; M, meat; Mi, milk (only from semidomesticated animals); S, skin/pelts; *, their food storage collected and consumed by man; and **, their food storage collected and given as food to domestic animals.

Species
Nearctic
Palaearctic
Human use of animals
Family Moschidae
Siberian musk deer (Moschus moschiferus)

x

G, M, S

Family Cervidae
Wapiti, red deer (Cervus elaphus)
x

x

A, VA, M, S

Moose, elk (Alces alces)
x
x
A, M, (Mi), S
Western roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)

x
A, M, S
Eastern roe deer (C. pygargus)

x
A, M, S
Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus)
x

A, M, S
White-tailed deer (O. virginianus)
x

A, M, S
Caribou, reindeer (Rangifer tarandus)
x
x
Ab, A, VA, M, Mi, S
Family Bovidae
Bison (Bison bison)
x

A, M, S
Family Sciuridae
Woodchuck (Marmota monax)
x

M
Eurasian red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris)

x
S
Least chipmunk (Tamias minimus)
x


Siberian chipmunk (T. sibiricus)

x
S
Eastern chipmunk (T. striatus)
x


American red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus)

x



American flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus)

x



Siberian flying squirrel (Pteromys volans)

x
S
Family Castoridae
American beaver (Castor canadensis)
x

G, M, S
Eurasian beaver (C. fiber)

x
G, M, S
Family Dipodidae
Northern birch mouse (Sicista betulina)

x

Woodland jumping mouse (Napaeozapus insignis)
x


Meadow jumping mouse (Zapus hudsonicus)

x


Western jumping mouse (Z. principes)
x


Family Muridae
European water vole (Arvicola terrestris)

x

S

Gapper's red-backed vole (Clethrionomys gapperi)

x



Bank vole (C. glareolus)


x

Grey red-backed vole (C. rufocanus)

x

Northern red-backed vole (C. rutilus)
x
x

Amur lemming (Lemmus amurensis)

x

Field vole (Microtus agrestis)

x

Rock vole (M. crotorrhinus)
x


Long-tailed vole (M. longicaudus)
x


Root vole (M. oeconomus)
x
x
S *
Meadow vole (M. pennsylvanicus)
x

*
Yellow-cheeked vole (M. xanthognathus)
x


Wood lemming (Myopus schisticolor)

x

Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus)
x

M, S
Heather vole (Phenacomys intermedius)
x


Northern bog lemming (Synaptomys borealis)

x



Yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis)

x


Korean field mouse (A. peninsulae)

x

Harvest mouse (Micromys minutus)

x

Bushy-tailed woodrat (Neotoma cinerea)
x


Deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)
x


Family Erethizontidae
North American porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum)

x


M, S
Family Leporidae
Northern pika (Ochotona alpina)

x

**

Collared pika (Ochotona collaris)
x


Snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus)
x

M, S
Arctic hare, mountain hare (L. timidus)
x
x
M, S