Table 1. Difference between sample plots in large areas of deciduous forest (Size = L, n  = 15) and smaller patches of deciduous forest (Size = S, n  = 8) in the amount and quality of substrate available for wood-living beetles. Because each plot was sampled with three or four 5 x 50 m rectangles, the mean value of each variable is used. The standard deviation is used as a measurement of the spatial variability of the variable. The differences between the two size groups were examined with Wilcoxon two-sample tests.
*Two- tailed tests; all other tests are one-tailed, with H0 = S <= L.

Variable
Size
Mean
SE
Z
P
Mean basal area of dead deciduous trees
L
6.22
0.64
0.55
0.29
S
6.99
0.98
1 SD of basal area of dead deciduous trees
L
2.74
0.72
0.29
0.39
S
2.31
0.41
Mean degree of decay *
L
2.68
0.05
0
1
S
2.70
0.07
1 SD of degree of decay
L
0.78
0.03
-1.45
0.93
S
0.74
0.02
Mean degree of fungal infection *
L
2.91
0.08
-0.42
0.67
S
2.84
0.07
1 SD of degree of fungal infection
L
0.89
0.02
0.48
0.32
S
0.90
0.03