Appendix 1. EPA Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) Indicators (Lewis and Conkling 1994, O'Neill et al. 1994, and Paulsen et al. 1994).

FORESTS
STREAMS
LANDSCAPES
Foliar Chemistry
Water Quality
Flood Indicator
Lichen Chemistry
Microbial Metabolism
Riparian Zones
Dendrochemistry
Bird Assemblage
Loss of Wetlands
Bio-indicator Ozone
Physical Habitat Quality
Agriculture Near Water
Visible Plant Damage
Periphyton Assemblage
Amount of Edges
Branch Evaluations
Macrophytic Assemblage
Watershed/WaterQuality Indicator
Lichen Communities
Fish Assemblage
Dominance
Regeneration
Fish Tissue Contamination
Miles of Roads
Soil Classification and Physiochemistry
Benthic Macroinvertebrate Assemblage
Amount of Agriculture and Urban Area
Soil Classification and Physiochemistry
Benthic Macroinvertebrate Assemblage
Amount of Agriculture and Urban Area
Overstory Diversity

Contagion
Vegetation Structure

Fractal Dimension
Mortality

Recovery Time
Root Ecology

Edge Amount per Patch Size
Tree Growth

Land Cover Transition Matrix
Crown Condition

Corridors between Patches
Dendrochronology

Diffusion Rates
Wildlife Habitat

Inter-Patch Distances
Scenic Beauty

Actual vs. Potential Vegetation


Percolation Thresholds


Largest Patch


Scales of Pattern


Loss of Rare Land Cover


Cellular Automata


Habitat for Endangered Species


Change of Habitat


Wildlife Potential


Percolation Backbone