Table 4. The project "x-ray" or the format that course participants use to present their research/management projects.

Section
Subsection
Instructions
Project title:
...
Include complete project title
Author(s):
...
Include author's name
Conceptual framework:
...
Relate as concisely as possible your project to ecological theory, with the theoretical field of research
Observation(s).
...
Preliminary observations (direct, from bibliography, assumptions) that suggested the project.
Question
...
Summarize the objective of the research or management as a question.
Hypothesis:
...
The hypothesis is the potential explanation of the phenomenon under study. Whenever possible, present multiple hypotheses
Methods and design
...
How will you answer the question(s)?
...
Dependent variables
Potential effect
...
Independent variables
Potential cause
...
Experimental unit
Changes from study to study. It is determined by the question and research topic. For example, habitat type, each individual, etc.
...
Sampling unit
Changes according to the question and study: i.e. plot, transect, # of tourists, # of species or individuals, # of ectoparasites, # of tracks, habitat type, length of .., etc.
...
Sample size
Determine sample size for project.
...
Control
Varies according to study: area, individual, etc., that are not affected by a treatment.
...
Treatments
Varies according to project: area condition, species, individuals, (affected in different degree).
...
Spatial distribution
What is the spatial distribution of sampling units in the study area?
...
Temporal distribution
When and how often will they be sampled?
Analyses
...
Include potential analyses to be used for answering your question(s)