Variable

Definition

Elevation above valley or forest/farmland edge

1 (<100 m), 2 (100 to <300 m), 3 (300 to <500 m), 4 (500 to <700 m)...

Steepness of slope

mean [in degrees]

Successional stage

clearcut or young regeneration; thicket; pole stage; middle-aged forest; old forest; mixed, single-stem managed; nonforest cover types

Canopy cover

percentage of forest floor covered

Occurrence of gaps in canopy

wider than canopy height; yes/no

Type of stand

conifer; conifer/deciduous; deciduous (according to Forest Service categories)

Occurrence of preferred winter feeding trees

fir or pine except Pinus mugo; yes/no

Cover of forest regeneration

percentage of forest floor covered

Cover of bilberry

percentage of forest floor covered by Vaccinium spp.

Height of ground vegetation

mean height of dominating layer (cm)

Sign of Capercaillie use

tracks, feathers, feces, dustbaths; yes/no