Table 1. Traditional methods to monitor populations.

Method  
Description        
      References
Catch per unit effort   Harvest success, usually per unit of time   Berkes (1999)
Lyver et al. (1999)
Kitson (2004)
Body condition index   Pre- or postharvest observation of fat in body parts   Kofinas et al. (2002)
Lyver (2002)
Breeding success   Number of young per adult or nest   Berkes (1982)
Population density sensing   Qualitative assessment using "feel, see, touch, smell, hear, and taste"   Heaslip (2002)
H. Moller and S. Sunseri
(unpublished manuscript)
Communal hunts   Collective information gathering   Gadgil et al. (1993)
Noting of unusual patterns   Detecting environmental change by noting extremes (strange distribution, breeding failure, etc.)   Krupnik and Jolly (2002)
Observations of species mix   Presence or absence of desirable or undesirable species or assemblages   J. Williams and T. Chrisp (unpublished manuscript)