Ecology and Society: Heterogeneity in Ethnoecological Knowledge and Management of Medicinal Plants in Nepal Himalaya: Implications for Conservation.

	Amchi	Non-	Dhami	Commer-	Non-	Significance²
Variables	NP	specialist	BZ	cial	specialist	χ²	P
		NP		BZ	BZ

*Nardostachys grandiflora*
No. of populations known	2.00	1.74	2.00	1.65	1.33	6.44	0.169
Characteristics of different populations	2.00^a	0.95^b	2.00^a	0.83^b	0.67^b	18.43	0.001
Habitat type	2.00	1.68	2.00	1.60	1.33	6.68	0.154
Population size	2.00^a	1.16^b	2.00^a	1.48^a	1.33^b	13.70	0.008
Abundance	2.00^a	1.21^b	2.00^a	1.60^a	1.33^b	17.08	0.002
Life-cycle stages	1.40^a	0.21^b	0.25^b	0.08^b	0.00	29.25	0.000
Flowering time	2.00^a	1.68^a	2.00^a	1.71^a	1.00^b	10.92	0.028
Fruiting time	2.00^a	0.95^b	2.00^a	1.40^a	0.67^b	18.02	0.001
Seed production per plant	1.80^a	0.74^b	1.00^ab	0.54^b	0.00	14.74	0.005
Reproductive biology	2.00^a	0.84^b	1.00^ab	0.54^b	0.00	19.06	0.001
Yield of rhizome per plant	1.80^a	0.47^b	2.00^a	1.13^c	0.33^b	31.54	0.000
Seasonality of growth	2.00^a	1.68^a	2.00^a	1.75^a	1.00^b	11.70	0.02
Overall mean	1.90^a	1.11^b	1.69^ac	1.19^b	0.75^d	22.52	0.000
*Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora*
No. of populations known	2.00	1.67	2.00	1.53	1.43	8.42	0.077
Characteristics of different populations	2.00^a	0.93^b	2.00^a	0.68^b	0.71^b	20.17	0.000
Habitat type	2.00	1.60	1.60	1.53	1.43	4.58	0.333
Population size	2.00	1.20	1.60	1.35	1.14	7.14	0.129
Abundance	2.00^a	1.27^b	2.00^a	1.53^ab	1.43^b	13.13	0.011
Life-cycle stages	1.00^a	0.27^b	0.20^b	0.09^b	0.00	24.72	0.000
Flowering time	2.00	1.60	2.00	1.62	1.43	7.12	0.130
Fruiting time	2.00^a	1.00^b	1.80^a	1.18^ab	1.14^ab	10.17	0.038
Seed production per plant	2.00^a	0.73^b	0.40^b	0.50^b	0.14^b	16.97	0.002
Reproductive biology	1.80^a	0.87^b	0.80^b	0.50^b	0.14^c	17.06	0.002
Yield of rhizome per plant	2.00^a	0.33^b	1.40^ac	0.91^c	0.57^bc	30.71	0.000
Seasonality of growth	2.00^a	1.60^a	2.00^a	1.74^a	1.14^b	14.72	0.005
Overall mean	1.90^a	1.09^b	1.48^b	1.10^b	0.89^b	18.20	0.001

¹Features characterizing each score are: 0 = No idea of any general population characteristics, including features known by people having basic knowledge; 1 = Few populations, habitat types, size of populations, abundance, and some general aspect of seasonality of growth are known; 2 = Precise knowledge of a variety of population characteristics; large number of population and habitat types are known; precise description of population size, abundance, life-cycle stages, and reproductive biology.
²Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance, df = 4. Means in the same row with the same superscript letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level (pairwise comparisons by Mann-Whitney U tests). In rows with no superscript letters, no significant differences between user categories were found.